RESUMO Objetivos: identificar o risco cardiovascular e os fatores de risco cardiovascular em adolescentes e verificar correlações entre essas variáveis e marcadores bioquímicos, e entre percentis de pressão arterial, Índice de Massa Corporal e marcadores bioquímicos. Métodos: estudo transversal, realizado em escola brasileira, de agosto-setembro de 2019, incluindo 205 participantes que foram entrevistados. Após a entrevista, foram realizadas avaliações antropométricas, incluindo peso, altura, circunferência do braço, aferição da pressão arterial e coleta de sangue. Foi realizada análise descritiva e inferencial por meio do Teste do Qui-Quadrado. Resultados: 18,5% apresentavam percentis de pressão arterial>95%, 25,4% com sobrepeso e 25,9% com risco cardiovascular muito alto. Foram encontradas associações estatisticamente significativas entre risco cardiovascular e sexo, Índice de Massa Corporal e percentis de pressão arterial e entre percentis de pressão arterial e triglicérides. Conclusões: a alta prevalência de fatores de risco em adolescentes escolares reforça a necessidade de intervenções para redução do risco cardiovascular nessa população.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify cardiovascular risk and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents and verify correlations between these variables and biochemical markers, and between blood pressure percentiles, Body Mass Index, and biochemical markers. Methods: a cross-sectional study, conducted at a Brazilian school, from August to September 2019, including 205 participants who were interviewed. After the interview, anthropometric assessments, including weight, height, arm circumference, blood pressure checking, and blood collection for laboratory tests were performed. Descriptive and inferential analysis using the chi-square test was conducted. Results: a total of 18.5% had blood pressure percentiles >95%, 25.4% were overweight, and 25.9% were at very high cardiovascular risk. Statistically significant associations were found between cardiovascular risk and sex, Body Mass Index and blood pressure percentiles, and between blood pressure percentiles and triglycerides. Conclusions: high prevalence of risk factors among school adolescents reinforces the need for interventions for cardiovascular risk reduction in this population.

RESUMEN Objetivos: identificar riesgo cardiovascular y factores de riesgo cardiovascular en adolescentes y verificar las correlaciones entre estas variables y marcadores bioquímicos, y entre percentiles de presión arterial, Índice de Masa Corporal y marcadores bioquímicos. Métodos: estudio transversal, realizado en una escuela brasileña, de agosto a septiembre de 2019, que incluyó a 205 participantes que fueron entrevistados. Después de la entrevista, se realizaron evaluaciones antropométricas que incluyeron peso, talla, perímetro del brazo, medición de la presión arterial y extracción de sangre para pruebas de laboratorio. El análisis descriptivo e inferencial se realizó mediante la prueba de chi-cuadrado. Resultados: el 18,5% tenía percentiles de presión arterial>95%, el 25,4% tenía sobrepeso y el 25,9% tenía un riesgo cardiovascular muy alto.Se encontraron asociaciones estadísticamente significativas entre el riesgo cardiovascular y el sexo, el Índice de Masa Corporal y los percentiles de presión arterial, y entre los percentiles de presión arterial y los triglicéridos. Conclusiones: la alta prevalencia de factores de riesgo en estudiantes adolescentes refuerza la necesidad de intervenciones para reducir el riesgo cardiovascular en esta población.

Abstract Hypertriglyceridemia is associated with several metabolic diseases. The triglycerides (TG) disrupt the cholesterol reverse transport and contribute to increased levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL). High-density lipoprotein (HDL) acts in cholesterol reverse transport as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. This study aims to investigate the role of hypertriglyceridemia in the functionality of HDL. Individuals were divided into 4 groups based on high or low HDL-c and triglycerides levels. Biochemical and anthropometric analysis were performed. This study demonstrated that triglycerides promote dysfunctions on HDL, increasing the cardiovascular risk. Blood pressure was higher in subjects with low HDL. Women presented higher levels of HDL-c and low percentage of fat mass. The highest levels of triglycerides were observed in older age. In addition, high levels of triglycerides were associated with higher total cholesterol and LDL-c levels, non-HDL-c, non-esterified fatty acids, and blood glucose, increasing in the ratio of non-HDL-c/HDL-c and ApoB/ApoA-I. The increase of triglycerides levels progressively impairs the antioxidant capacity of HDL, probably due to a higher occurrence of fatty acid peroxidation in individuals with hypertriglyceridemia. Patients with high HDL and low TG levels increased the Lag Time. Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between TG versus HDL particle size, variables that depend on age and anthropometric parameters.